HADEES KI QISMEIN (TYPES OF HADITH)
HADEES E QUDSI:: Hadees e Qudsi mein Allah ke Rasool Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala se naqal karte hain yani sanad Allah ke Rasool Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam par khatm nahi hoti balki us se aage Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala tak pahunchti hai jabki doosri Ahadees mein sanad Allah ke Rasool Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam tak pahunchti hai.
Is mein koi shak nahi hai ke Hadees e Qudsi ho ya doosri Ahadees, sab Allah hi ki taraf se hain aur sab hujjat hoti hain (Agar sahih hon to).
🔽SAHIH : Sahih hadith ke liye in sharton ka hona laazmi hai
1- iske bayan karne waale “aadil” yani uska charactor bharose ke qaabil ho
2- unka dimaagi taqat ho, ya phir jo kah rahe ho wah likha huwa hon
3- uski sanad mutassil ho, yani har raawi (bayan karne waala) ne wah hadith apne ustaad se khud suni ho
4- usme koi ‘shaaz’ baat na batayi gayi ho
5- usme kisi ki tarah ki koi ‘illat’ na Paayi jaati ho.
🔽HASAN : yah wah hadith hai jisme sahih hadith ki saari shartein paayi jaati ho, sirf raawi ki dimagi taqat kuch kamzor ho, lekin itni bhi na ho ki wah ” zaeff” ban jaaye.
🔽ZAEEF: yah wah hadith hai jisme sahih hadith ke kuch masle na paaye jaate hon.
🔽ZAEEF ZIDDAN : jiski sanad ka koi raawi bahut zyada kamzor ho lekin jhoota naa ho.
🔽MAWZOO : yah haqeeqat me hadith hai hi nahi, kyonki yah hadith ki wah kism hai jisko kisi raawi ne apni taraf se gadkar nabi sallallaho alaihi wasallam ki taraf mansoob kar diya, lekin ‘ mawdoo’ ko parakhne ke liye bahut zyada koshih karna pada, isliye muhaddiseeno ne iske mutallik bahut si kitaaben likhi aur jahan jahan mawdoo hadithsen aayi unko wajeh kar diya, taaki islam me koi apni taraf se kuch daakhil na kar sake, isliye ye hadithen hadith ki kitaabon me to daakhil ho gayi, lekin muhaddiseeno ne isko waajeh kar diya.
🔽MUTAWATIR : ye hadith ki wah qism hai jisko bayan karne waale itne zyada hon ki unka jhoot bolna namumkin ho jaaye, mutawatir hadith ke liye do sharton ka paaya jaana zaroori hai
1- iske bayan karnewaale sanad ke har part me itne paayen jaayen ki inka kisi jhoot par sahmat ho jaana na mumkin ho jaaye
2- mutawatir hadith ka 5 masleh(jo sahih hadith ka hai) me se kisi ek ke jimme jaanna zaroori hai.
🔽ILLAT :hadithon par research karte waqt jo sanad aur matan me kamiyan paayi jaati hain unko ‘ illat’ kahte hain, jiski wajah se hadith daeef ho jaati hai, kamiyon ke mutabik hadith me illat ghat’ti badhti rahti hai, kabhi kamiyan khatm bhi ho jaati hai, aur kabhi nahi bhi hoti, isko parakhne ke liye bahut zyada hadith ki science (zirrah wa tadeel) ki zarurat padhti hai, illat parakhne waale mashoor muhaddithon me imam bukhari rh, imam daar e kutni rh, imam baihaqi khaas hain.
🔽MAHFOOZ : yah sahih hadith ki qism hai, yah wah hadith Hai jo kisi kam aadil raawi ke khilaaf zyada aadil raawi ke zariye bayan ki jaati hai, zyada adl waale raawi ki hadith ko mahfooz kahte hain aur is tarah ki hadith ke mutabik amal karna zaroori hai.
🔽SHAAZ : wah hadith jo kisi zyada aadil raawi ke khilaaf, kisi kam adl waale raawi ke zariye bayan ki gayi ho shaaz kahlaati hai, is par amal karna zaroori nahi.
🔽MAA’RUF : yah bhi sahih hadith ki qism hai jiska raawi aadil hota hai lekin koi ‘dhaeef’ raawi uske mukhaalif hadith bayan kare to aadil raawi ki hadith ‘maaruf’ kahlaayegi, jisko apnaana zaroori hai, aur ‘ dhaeef’ raawi ki hadith munkar kahlaayi us amal karna haraam hai.
🔽MUNKAR :yah daeef hadith ki wah qism hai jiska raawi ‘daeef’ bhi ho aur kisi aadil raawi ke khilaaf me hadith bayaan kare.
🔽MAR’FU : yah wah hadith hai jisko nabi sallallaho alaihi wasallam se mansoob kiya jaaye, yah sahih bhi ho sakti hai aur daeef bhi, agar uski sanad ya matan Me koi illat nahi hai to sahih hogi, aur agar koi illat paayi gayi to daeef hogi.